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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 D. H. CAMPBELL.

WAX PO'FFDR USE IN MACHINES FOR WAXING THREAD.

Patented Ju 1y21, 1891..

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(No Model.) 2 sheets sheet 2.

D. H. CAMPBELL. WAX POT FOR USE IN MAGHINESFOR WAXING THREAD.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

DUN (JAN H. CAMPBELL, OF PAIVTUCKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE CAMPBELL MACHINE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

WAX-POT FOR USE IN MACHINES FOR WAXING THREAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 456,536, dated July 21, 1891.

Application filed January 15, 1886. Serial No. 188,704. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: which involves only a minimum loss of desir- Be it known that I, DUNCAN II. CAMPBELL, able volatile matter from the wax. of Pawtucket, in the county of Providence A wax-pot embodying my invention has and State of Rhode Island, have invented ccr' what I Will term a heating-section and a 5 tain new and useful Improvements in IVaxcooling-section. In other words, it has a Pots for Use in Machines for axing Thread; section or portion thereof specially adapted and I do hereby declare that the following for holding and heating the main body or specification, taken in connection with the mass of wax and another section or portion drawings furnished and forming apart of the having outwardly-flared walls and specially I same, is a clear, true, and complete descripadapted for cooling the wax whenever it has tion of my invention. been heated above the point requisite for en- Although my said improvements have been abling it to properly permeate thread. The mainly devised for use in connection with interiors of these two sections communicate sewing-machines and with hard wax,theyare with each other, and the heating-section is I5 also desirable in other connections-such, for below the cooling-section, so that if heat be instance, as machines for waxing thread and unduly applied to the normal contents of winding it into cops or upon bobbins, and the heating-section the wax will expand and whether the wax be of the hard or the soft more or less of it will rise and occupy the varieties. It is well-known that regardless of cooling section and be therein enabled to 20 the particular character of the wax it should radiate or otherwise throw off such excess of be thoroughly heated, so as to be sutiiciently heat as mightinj ure the wax. This capacity well liquefied to enable it to promptly and in the cooling-section to facilitate the elimithoroughly permeate the thread, and also so nation of heat is due to the fact that it can that all surplusage may be properly removed afford to the upper portion of the mass of 5 and leave the charged thread in a compact heated wax successively increased areas of and reasonably smoothsurfaced condition. exposure to free radiation of heat. If with a It is equally well known that heated wax is pot thus improved a full charge of wax be specially liable to abrupt ebullition, and that used, the moment it becomes unduly heated the closest attention is required to prevent it will more or lesssuddenlyrisein ebullition, 8o 3 Wax-pots from boiling over, with the attend- :he upper portion of the wax will occupy the ant wasteful results, not only in wax, but in flaring cooling-section, and its upper surface keeping the adjacent portions of the machine will therefore be gradually increased, free neat and suitable for use on fine work. That radiation of heat will be aiforded, and an is of far more consequence, however, I find equilibrium promptly restored. 3 5 that if wax be permitted to boil,its tempera- Prior to my invention, so far as I know, ture rapidly rises, resulting either in so burnwax-pots have been so provided with threading the wax or driving therefrom certain valconducting contrivances as that the thread uable volatile matter as to greatly impair its either passed downward into the wax beneath value forthe purposes intended. In charging a bar and thence upward out of the wax, or 0 4o ordinary thread-waxing pots with fresh wax downward and through the bottom of the cup, from time to time considerable care must be or upward from a ball submerged in the cup. exercised in avoiding overcharging thepot,the It is well known that shoe-thread wax as used bulk of wax being greatly increased by heatwith sewing-machines or for waxing thread ing, and the desirability of maintaining a for use in such machines is liable to contain 5 45 constant and liberal supply in the pot is well and the cups to receive more or less extraneknown to be conducive to such overcharging. ous and objectionable matters, of which the 71th at least all these'points in View I have lighter will float and the heavier settle to for the first time, as I believe, deviseda waxthe bottom of the cup; also, that the upper v potwhich can alwaysbekeptliberallycharged portion of the contents of a cup should be I00 5 with wax and heated thoroughly without any kept at a comparatively low temperature, and

liability of overheating or boiling over and therefore thread in passing downward and upward, or even downward alone ,or upward alone, is more or less charged with wax at an unfavorable temperature,itbeing obvious that for obtaining a perfect saturation the. wax should be liquefied to the highest possible degree consistent with a proper and safe temperature. In either of the prior methods the thread is exposed to solid sedimentary matter as well as to the floating matter.

In accordance with another feature of my invention I have restricted the path of the thread to the portion of the wax which must always be at a temperature most favorable to a complete saturation of the thread, and also guard it from contact with all extraneous matter, whether at the top or the bottom of the mass of wax, and this is accomplished by providing the sides of the cup at a short distance above its bottom with a pair of coincident tubular heads, through which the thread passes into and from the cup.

After fully describing the wax-pots illustrated in the drawings, the features deemed novel will be specified in the several clauses of claim hereunto annexed.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1, 2, and

3 represent, respectively in side elevation,-

top View, and vertical section, a'wax-pot embodying my invention in what I deem its best form. Figs. 4 and 5 in side and top view illustrate another variety of wax-pot in which an extraordinary area of exposure is afforded for lateral radiation.

In the wax-pot shown in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, the heating or base section A is, as heretofore, constructed of heavy cast metal, and it may be integrally provided with the wellknown steam-chamber a, if desired; but as here shown, said steam-chamber is located within a steam-table in the form of a bracket, upon which the wax-pot is mounted and secured in place by means of screws, as clearly indicated. Tubular heads b,eoincident with each other in the walls of the pot at a short distance above its bottom, are here shown as devised by me, the thread 0 passing through the centers of these heads and through the contents of the pot at a point therein most favorable to good results.

In my prior Letters Patentho. 253,157, January 31, 1882, I disclosed tubular heads in connection with auxiliary wax-chambers supplied from a main pot, and in my prior application for Letters Patent, filed February 12, 1885, Serial No. 155,708, I disclosed a novel form of tubular head with packing and f0llower specially well adapted for use in waxpots as herein described, as well as in cmnection with the auxiliary waxing-chamber described in said application. V

The cooling-section B surmounts the heatin g-section and constitutes in substance a vertical extension thereof. As here shown, its metal walls d flare outwardly, and they are as thin as is compatible with strength. It is immaterial how the two sections are united so long as they afford a tight joint, and it is not necessary that the two sections be separately constructed, it being obviously possible and even practicable, mechanically speaking, to have the two sections formed integrall y in either cast or \vro ught metal. As an illustration let it be assuni ed that the h eatingy section is four inches long and two inches in depth and width and that the cooling-section is of equal depth, but flares one inch at each side and end. The horizontal area of such a pot at the heatingsection would be eight inches and at the top twenty-four inches, thus affording a gradual increase of surface area alone, which would practically prevent the pot from boiling over. The thin metal walls,

being practically incapable of directly con ducting much heat from the walls of the heating-section, afford an opportunity for free lateral radiation from the rising wax,which will always insure a body of wax at comparatively low temperature adjacent to said walls and render it practically impossible to unduly heat the central portion.

Now it will be readily seen that substantially valuable results will accrue if the flaring walls d were as thick and heavy as the walls of the heatingsection-as,for-instance, as indicated in dotted lines at the right-hand portion of Fig. 3because, although said walls would be more or less directly heated from theirbases upward, the successively-increased area for vertical or surface radiation would be afforded by the flaring of the walls.

In Figs. 4 and 5 the wax-pot. shown differs from that previously described only in that the thin walls (Z of the cooling-section are deeply corrugated, as at (1', so as to afford a maximum area for lateral radiation with a desirable area of surface radiation and to cause considerable bodies of cooled and more or less solid wax to be held suspended on said side walls, with which a more or less prompt exchange of temperature will be made by the heated wax when rising in ebullition.

It is not to be understood that I claim to have first devised a kettle or vessel having a flaring top, because I am well aware, for instance, that such soap-kettles as are commonly used in large factories have been so constructed solely with reference to controlling undue ebullition and overflow, and whereas by my improvement in wax-pots I have in like manner provided against overflow as one of the objects sought the main and prime value of my invention is the obviation of all injury to the wax due to overheating and to the loss of such volatile matter as should be retained therein for enabling it to successfully perform its water-resisting and preservative functions, and at the same time to provide for such a well-heated condition of the wax as will enable it to be properly incorporated with thread while passing through the wax-pot.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent Atln'ead\vaxing pot havinga heating baseand directly through the most favorablysection and an upper cooling-section comheated portion of its contents and prevented IO posed of outwardly flaring walls and profrom contactwith floatingand grafitating exvided with coincident tubular heads provided traneous matter, as set forth.

5 with flexible packing and located opposite DUNCAN I-I. CAMPBELL.

each other in the sides of the pot above its Witnesses: bottom, substantially as described, whereby J. F. BROWNING,

thread may be passed into and from the pot \VM. N. HODGES. 

